WH+unit+2


 * unit 2**

1 - What types of people made up the philosophes? Writers, Professors, Journalists, economists, Social Reformers, Nobilty and Middle Men. 2 - Name two heros of the enlightenment? Isac Newton and John Locke 3 - What did John Lock say about people's mind when they were born? That their minds were blank. 4 - Where was the enlightenment centered? Paris. 5 - What were the major themes of the enlightenment? Reason,Natural Law, Hope and Progress. 6 - What was Voltaire's real name? Francois-Marie Arouet 7 - What is the difference between "affected" and "effected"? Affected is when something happens and all the emotions and feelings you have about it, and effected is something happens and it bothers you or bugs you it's the effect it has. 8 - Why did Voltaire oppose the Catholic Church? It supported absolutism. 9 - Montesquieu was the first? Political Scientist. 10 - What were the three governments Montesquieu identified? 1)Republics suitable for small states,2)Despotism appropriate for large states.3)Monarchies ideal for moderate-sized states. 11 - Montesquieu thought there should be a " _ of powers" which means? Separation of powers,in which the executive,legislative, and judiciary placed limits and controls on each other.
 * 12 - What american document has Montesquieu's ideas?** the united states constitution

13 - How did Rousseau make a living in his early life? By holding odd jobs.
 * 14 - Rousseau believed in a " contract"** a social contract, that a whole society will be governed by a general will


 * 15 - Under Rousseau's theory "the general will ___"** represents what is best for the entire community

16 - What did Rousseau believe about education? Should foster not restrict childrens natural instincts. 17 - What did Rousseau think about the roll of women? Naturally different from men.They should learn obedience and nurturing skills so they could care for their husbands and children.
 * 18 - Briefly describe the philosophes and the physiocrats:** applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, French economists who believed that agriculture was the source of all wealth

**19 - According to smith, what were the three basic rolls of government?:** controlling the army, controlling the police, and upkeep of canals and roads.


 * 20 - Briefly outline the effect of enlightenment thinking on punishments for crime? **
 * Sentence the criminals in a court and punishment were harsh to scare others because there police force was weak. **


 * 21 - What was a major weapon for philosophes, who wrote it, and when? **
 * It was the classified dictionary of sciences, arts and trade by Denis Diderot between 1751 and 1772. **


 * 22 - List the three main ways enlightenment ideas were spread? **
 * Magazines, News papers, and Salons **


 * 23 - Provide a basic biography of Marie-Therese de Geoffrin. (Use wikipedia) **
 * one of the leading female figures in the French Enlightenment. From 1750-1777, Madame Geoffrin played host to many of the most influential Philosophes and Encycloédistes of her time. Her association with several prominent dignitaries and public figures from across Europe has earned Madame Geoffrin an international spot of recognition. Her patronage and dedication to both the philosophical Men of Letters and talented artists that frequented her house is emblematic of her role as guide and protector. In her Salon on the rue Saint-Honoré, Madame Geoffrin demonstrated qualities of politeness and civility that helped stimulate and regulate intellectual discussion. Her actions as a Parisian salonnière exemplify many of the most important characteristics of Enlightenment sociability. **


 * 24 - Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and who was a major influence on him? **
 * Thomas Jefferson and a Major influence to him was John Locke. **


 * section 3 **

**Define**: colony, Stamp Act, tension, correspondence, Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confedera- tion, federal system, amendments, Bill of Rights, assembly. colony- a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland

Stamp Act- an act passed by the British Parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American Colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents

tension- a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense

correspondence- agreement: compatibility of observations

Declaration of Independence- the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the Colonies from Great Britain

Articles of Confederation- a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states

federal system- a governmental form in which authority is divided between a central government and various local governments.

amendments- a change to the constitution of a nation or a state.

Bill of Rights- a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)

assembly- a group of persons who are gathered together for a common purpose

**Identify**: William Pitt the Elder, King George III, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson. (choose 2 to complete trading cards for, list the information for the remaining Identify section entries)


 * [[image:plaspada:Screen_shot_2010-10-18_at_1.03.05_PM.png height="270" caption="Screen_shot_2010-10-18_at_1.03.05_PM.png"]] ||
 * Screen_shot_2010-10-18_at_1.03.05_PM.png ||


 * [[image:plaspada:Screen_shot_2010-10-18_at_1.03.19_PM.png height="271" caption="Screen_shot_2010-10-18_at_1.03.19_PM.png"]] ||
 * Screen_shot_2010-10-18_at_1.03.19_PM.png ||

King George III-
 * 1: (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|[1] ] – 29 January 1820 [<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|N.S.]  ] ) **
 * 2: was <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|King] of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|Great Britain]  and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|King]  of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|Ireland]   **
 * 3: the third British monarch of the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|House of Hanover]  **
 * 4: reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms **
 * 5: suffered from recurrent, and eventually permanent, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|mental illness]  **


 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Thomas Jefferson- **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">1: (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">2: was the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|third] <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|President of the United States]  **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">3: the principal author of the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|Declaration of Independence]  **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">4: was one of the most influential <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|Founding Fathers], known for his promotion of the ideals of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|republicanism in the United States]   **
 * <span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">5: efferson was a man of the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|Enlightenment] and knew many intellectual leaders in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: #0645ad; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|Britain]   **


 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;">1) Why did Britain establish colonies in North America? **
 * To supply raw materials to Britain and to be a market for British goods.**
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;">2)W <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px;">hat effect did Parliament have on the legislatures of the American colonies? **
 * They were in charge of them.**
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;">3)How did each of the 13 colonial legislatures function? **
 * Like a miniature parliament. It made it's own rules.**
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19px;">4)What was the reason for war with the French in North America? **
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">For the control of North America, especially the Ohio River. **
 * 5)Why did the British want new revenues from the colonies after the Seven Years’ War? **
 * To cover war costs as well as pay for maintaining an army to protect the colonies.**
 * 6)What did the stap act of 1765 require? **
 * They wanted printed materials, such as legal documents and newspapers, carry a stamp showing that a tax had been paid to Britain. **
 * 7)What types of goods did parliament pass new taxes on? **
 * Non British goods**
 * 8)What did the Stamp Act require? **
 * They wanted printed materials, such as legal documents and newspapers, carry a stamp showing that a tax had been paid to Britain.**
 * 9)How did colonists avoid paying taxes on non-British imports? **
 * They started to smuggle them.**
 * 10)Why did the colonists disapprove of the Declaratory Act? **
 * Because they didn't want the Parliament to tax and make decisions for their colonies.**
 * 11)Describe the Boston Tea Party? **
 * Was a direct action by colonists in Boston, a town in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the British government. On December 16, 1773, after officials in Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain, a group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor.**
 * 12)What was the Boston Massacre ? (use wikipedia) **
 * Also know as the Boston riot, was an incident that led to the deaths of five civilians at the hands of British troops on March 5, 1770, the legal aftermath of which helped spark the rebellion in some of the British American colonies, which culminated in the American Revolutionary War. A heavy British military presence in Boston led to a tense situation that boiled over into incitement of brawls between soldiers and civilians and eventually led to troops discharging their muskets after being attacked by a rioting crowd. Three civilians were killed at the scene of the shooting, eleven were injured, and two died after the incident.**
 * 13)What were the British looking for in Concord and Lexington? **
 * They went to seize the arms and supplies of militias.**
 * 14)What did Thomas Paine argue in Common Sense? **
 * That both parliament and King George were acting like tyrants and complete independence for Britain was necessary.**
 * 15)Who was the commander of the continental army? **
 * George Washington**
 * 16)Who were the loyalist? **
 * Colonists who wanted to remain loyal british citizens. **
 * 17)What ideas of John Locke did Jefferson express in the Declaration of Independence? **
 * The colonies to be "free and independent states absolved from all allegiance to the british crown.**
 * 18)What did the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognize, and what did it grant the Americans? **
 * The independence of the American colonies and granted them control of the western territory.**
 * 19)What other country(s) supported the colonies during the revolution? **
 * The French supported the Americans in a very high way.**
 * 20) Who was the general of the British troops that surrendered at Yorktown?  **
 * General Cornwallis**
 * 21)What is the federal system? **
 * Which power would be shared between the national government and the state government.**
 * 22)What was the document that first organized the colonies? **
 * Articles of Confederation.**
 * 23)Who were the framers? **
 * The writers of the constitution that used Montesquieu's ideas and divided the government into three branches.**
 * 24)Who's ideas did they use to create the new government? **
 * Montesquieu's**
 * 25)Why did many colonists demand a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution? **
 * They wanted to be sure there were written guarantees defining the limits of the government and rights of each individual.**
 * 26)How many amendments were in the Bill of Rights? **
 * 10**
 * 27)What documents influenced the Bill of Rights? **
 * The Natural Rights Theory of the Enlightenment had the biggest effect.**
 * 28)What geographic area was influenced by events in the colonies? **
 * France, Latin America, Africa, Southeast Asia, Russia, China.**